Echoes of a Nation’s Tech Awakening: The Enduring Legacy of Prof. V. Rajaraman

In the quiet corners of the IIT-Kanpur campus—where the soft hum of an IBM mainframe once mingled with the youthful crackle of curiosity—the memory of Professor V. Rajaraman lingers like a whisper threaded into the very grain of India’s technological destiny. On November 8, 2025, India bid farewell to a visionary whose presence shaped not just a discipline, but an era.

A Vision Forged in the Early Days of India’s Computing Revolution

Rajaraman’s journey was never merely academic; it was the chronicle of a nation awakening to its own possibilities. In 1964, when he arrived at IIT-Kanpur and laid eyes on the university’s newly installed IBM mainframe, he saw more than a machine. He saw the spark of a revolution. His intensive programming courses—rigorous, practical, exhilarating—became the forge in which India’s first generation of computer scientists was tempered.

He carried his legacy to IISc Bangalore in 1982, where he played a pivotal role in establishing the Supercomputer Education and Research Centre (SERC). He continued to contribute sugnificsntly to the evolution of technology in India.

But like all great chroniclers of change, Rajaraman wove together the mundane and the marvelous. His lessons were not only about loops and logic; they carried the promise that a young, searching nation could chart its own path in the emerging digital world. It was a promise that countless students carried with them, spreading across research labs, industries, and policy rooms, stitching together India’s ascent as a technology powerhouse.

A Legacy That Shaped India’s Digital and Scientific Imagination

Much like a seasoned editor who alternates between datelines and dreams, Rajaraman moved fluidly between realms—the classroom, the committee hall, the national planning desk—acting as a bridge between the worlds of science, policy, infrastructure, and aspiration. His advisory roles in government shaped the very framework of India’s early digital infrastructure. In the background of diplomatic sessions, UN assemblies, and global tension, voices like his quietly ensured that India would not be a passive observer in the technological century, but an active architect.

Even as the world grappled with conflicts, crises, and moral reckonings—from Gaza to global human rights debates—Rajaraman’s work remained anchored in a profound belief: technology must empower people, especially in times of uncertainty. His vision was not driven by spectacle but by service.

What made Prof. Rajaraman extraordinary was not just the scale of his contributions but the gentle firmness of his conviction, a quality reminiscent of master storytellers who know that the fate of a nation is often hidden in the small details—in a student learning her first line of code, in a policymaker understanding the value of digital literacy, in a university deciding to open its labs to the world.

His influence extended far beyond academia. He inspired students to become not just engineers but custodians of India’s technological future. He encouraged institutions to not merely teach technology but live it. And he helped policymakers see that digital infrastructure was not a luxury but the backbone of modern democracy.

Today, as India stands on the precipice of new scientific frontiers—AI, quantum computing, data governance—it is impossible not to feel the imprint of Rajaraman’s philosophy. His legacy is visible in every classroom where students debug their first program, in every startup that chooses innovation over imitation, and in every national conversation about using technology for public good.

Like a deft chronicler weaving stories from Raichur to Sriharikota, Rajaraman stitched together India’s sprawling scientific narrative—from humble labs to global missions. His was a life of clarity, purpose, and immense patience: the patience to teach, to build, to imagine, and to trust that a young nation, if guided well, could change the world.

And it did.

Professor V. Rajaraman may no longer walk the lanes of IIT-Kanpur, but the glow of his influence endures. It lives in the generations he taught, the institutions he shaped, and the country he helped propel into the digital age. It lives in the quiet, steady hum of every machine that sprang from the ecosystem he helped design.

In celebrating his life, we do more than remember a teacher.

We honor the storyteller of India’s tech renaissance.

We honor the architect of a nation’s digital awakening.

We honor a man who taught India not just how to compute—but how to dream.


When AI Textbooks Flopped in South Korea — And What the World Can Learn From It

If there’s one thing the global education ecosystem agrees on, it’s this: AI will reshape learning. The real question is how— and South Korea just offered the world a masterclass in what not to do.

A few months ago, South Korea rolled out its much-hyped AI-powered textbooks for math, english, and computer science. The promise was huge: personalized learning, reduced teacher workload, better engagement, and fewer dropouts. If any country was poised to pull this off, it was South Korea — a nation that has long embraced advanced tech from robotics to smart infrastructure.

But within just four months, the entire initiative was quietly downgraded from “official textbooks” to mere “supplementary material.” Why? Because reality hit harder than expected.

A Student’s View: Excitement Turned to Frustration

Let’s start with Ko Ho-dam, a high school junior on Jeju Island. Like many students, he was curious and even optimistic when the digital textbooks arrived at the start of the school year. But the excitement didn’t last.

“All our classes were delayed because of technical problems,” he said. “I didn’t even know how to use them properly. Working alone on my laptop made it hard to focus, and the lessons weren’t tailored to my level.”

Multiply Ko’s experience across schools nationwide, and a pattern emerged:
– Frequent tech glitches
– Factual inaccuracies
– Increased screen time
– Confusion over usage
– Overburdened teachers
– Privacy concerns

What was meant to simplify learning ended up complicating it.

The Policy Whiplash

Within months, the government stepped in. The AI textbooks were stripped of their official status and reclassified as optional — a quiet retreat from what was once positioned as the future of learning.

And it wasn’t just students who pushed back. Teachers and parents were equally vocal. Some worried about data; others about screen addiction; many simply felt the tools weren’t ready for real classrooms.

So… What Went Wrong?

According to Lee Bohm, a doctoral researcher at Cambridge who previously advised Seoul’s education office, the issue wasn’t the technology itself — it was the pace.

AI wasn’t the problem. Implementation was.

“AI should first be piloted in homework or practice before being introduced in class,” she explained. “Integration into the curriculum is key. South Korea pushed too far, too fast.”

In other words, they tried to replace before they tried to augment.

The Big Picture: A Global Wake-Up Call

Governments worldwide — backed by tech giants like Google, Meta, and others — are betting big on AI’s role in education. But South Korea’s rollout is a reminder that innovation in schools isn’t just a tech challenge. It’s a human one.

Classrooms are delicate ecosystems. If AI disrupts more than it supports, it won’t survive — no matter how futuristic it sounds.

A Practical Framework for AI Adoption in Schools

For institutions, policymakers, and edtech leaders, here are the big takeaways:

1. Start Small

Pilot programs should begin with homework, practice modules, or low-risk supplemental tools — not core teaching materials.

2. Co-Design With Teachers

They’re the frontline. If they’re overwhelmed, the solution will fail.

3. Focus on Curriculum Integration

AI works best when woven into the curriculum, not layered on top of an existing structure.

4. Anticipate Tech Friction

Class delays, login issues, and device incompatibilities can derail even the most promising tools. Plan for a “messy middle.”

5. Prioritize Data Privacy & Screen-Time Balance

Parental buy-in matters. Transparency builds trust.

Final Thought

South Korea’s AI textbook experiment wasn’t a failure — it was a reality check. A reminder that education is not a playground for flashy tech. It’s a space where change must be thoughtful, gradual, and human-centered.

AI can transform learning. But only if we respect the complexity of classrooms and design with empathy, not just excitement.

The popular saying stands true—”The influence of a good teacher can never be erased!”

Learn more about this story via this article – https://restofworld.org/2025/south-korea-ai-textbook/

“An Invaluable Academic Resource”: Dr. Ambreen Kharbe Reviews 74 Topics in Literary Theory: The Ultimate Guide

We are delighted to share an insightful review from Dr. Ambreen Safder Kharbe, College of Languages and Translation, Najran University, KSA, for our recent publication “74 Topics in Literary Theory: The Ultimate Guide”.

Her thoughtful evaluation highlights the book’s academic precision, clarity, and relevance for both students and scholars of English literature.

Review of “74 Topics in Literary Theory: The Ultimate Guide”

Overall Book Review
“74 Topics in Literary Theory: The Ultimate Guide” appears to be an exceptionally comprehensive and structured academic resource. Marketed as providing the “Big Picture” with a complete map of core topics, this guide is clearly aimed at students and scholars who require a rigorous, systematic overview of the field.

By dedicating space to 74 distinct topics, the book promises depth across the major historical schools of thought, key concepts, and intellectual debates. The structure—moving from fundamental definitions to specific critical methodologies—suggests a well-paced pedagogical approach, making it an invaluable textbook for advanced literature courses or self-study.

Unit-Specific Review

Unit/Chapter 1: Introduction to Literary Theory
Chapter 1 provides the essential foundational scaffolding needed for any deep study of literary theory. The topics listed—“What is Literary Theory?”, “History and Evolution,” and the crucial distinction between “Literary Criticism vs. Literary Theory”—are logically placed to introduce the field’s scope and terminology.

Including topics like “Canon Formation and the Politics of Literature” ensures that the discussion is not merely historical but immediately relevant to contemporary debates about power, representation, and inclusion in literature. This unit successfully establishes the context and conceptual tools necessary for tackling subsequent theoretical frameworks.

Unit/Chapter 2: Formalism and New Criticism
The sample text for Chapter 2 offers a clear and balanced exposition of Formalism and New Criticism. The author skillfully defines the core tenets of both schools, emphasizing their shared focus on the text as an “autonomous entity.”

Key concepts like defamiliarization (Russian Formalism) and close reading (New Criticism) are clearly explained as methods for achieving nuanced insights into a text’s structure, language, and form.

The text also outlines counter-arguments from Marxist and Feminist critics, demonstrating the book’s commitment to critical thinking. It frames these schools not as relics but as dynamic methodologies that shaped future theories. The chapter concludes by acknowledging their lasting contribution to rigorous textual analysis.

– Dr. Ambreen Safder Kharbe
College of Languages and Translation, Najran University, KSA

The Value of Literary Theory Today

In today’s fast-changing world of ideas, culture, and technology, literary theory remains as vital as ever. It equips readers to think critically, question assumptions, and interpret the world through the lens of language, history, and imagination.

74 Topics in Literary Theory: The Ultimate Guide reaffirms this value by transforming complex theoretical concepts into clear, structured understanding. It shows how theory deepens our reading of literature—not as a passive act, but as a dialogue between text, reader, and society.

Theory encourages us to look beyond the surface of words to the forces that shape them: power, identity, gender, class, culture, and emotion. It trains the mind to detect patterns, challenge bias, and connect ideas across disciplines—from politics and philosophy to media and technology.

For students and teachers alike, theory is not an abstract pursuit but a way of thinking that sharpens analysis and cultivates empathy. It turns reading into inquiry, interpretation into reflection, and literature into a living conversation about what it means to be human.

74 Topics in Literary Theory bridges past and present, offering the clarity and scope needed to navigate this intellectual landscape. It is both a comprehensive reference and a guide for contemporary readers seeking depth and direction in literary study.

👉 Buy the book here: https://www.phindia.com/Books/BookDetail/9789354439858/74-TOPICS-IN-LITERARY-THEORY-PHI